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Inspection, Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) and Evaluation Services
- Acoustic Emission (AE) Monitoring
- X-Ray Radiography
- Infrared Thermography (IRT)
- Ultrasonic Thickness Testing (UT)
- Magnetic Thickness Gauging
- Visual Inspection
- Control Area and Photographic Records
- Strain Gage Application and Monitoring
- Engineering Evaluation of Data
Overview
FSE has combined state-of-the-art non-destructive testing (NDT) techniques with traditional visual inspection of FRP piping and joint systems to enable detection of serious defects. Results of NDT testing are used to plan future repairs and maintenance activities during plant shutdowns, and to address existing equipment failures.
Acoustic Emission (AE) Testing
An example of NDT used by FSE is Acoustical Emission Testing (AE). AE is a proven non-destructive evaluation (NDE) technique used to test the mechanical integrity of vessels, piping, ducting and other industrial systems. Although standardized AE data collection and analysis is appropriate for steel equipment, analysis of AE test data for FRP equipment is complex and requires experienced engineering judgment.
Other specialized NDT techniques include the following:
- Infrared Thermography (IRT)
- X-Ray
- Visual Inspection
When To Use These Services
AE evaluation, the collection and analysis of high frequency sounds emitted by equipment under load, offers industrial users important insight into the mechanical integrity of their equipment. AE testing is not only used to assist purchasers in their acceptance of new equipment but also helps owners evaluate equipment in-service.
AE evaluation assists in the determination of structural flaws that are actively growing (deformation, crack initiation and crack growth) in FRP laminates caused from fatigue, corrosion or structural fracture.
Services Provided
FSE uses AE testing results, along with engineering analysis, as a proven method by which the structural integrity of new and in-service FRP equipment can be evaluated. Through the analysis of AE test data in combination with other inspection results and engineering, FSE determines the presence of actively growing laminate structural flaws and derives methods by which the laminates can be repaired.
Since most FRP equipment is custom designed and manufactured to meet specific corrosive and structural requirements, AE test data is difficult to evaluate without a well founded knowledge in FRP technology, manufacturing techniques and its industrial uses. The analysis must consider the significant physical property differences between various laminate constructions including the resin rich corrosion barrier and high glass content structure.
To analyze FRP laminates through the aid of Acoustic Emission testing, the following must be addressed:
- Baseline visual inspection to identify potential areas of noise.
- Pre-inspection evaluation to plan the AE test and other inspection criteria.
- Detailed inspection documentation to enhance follow-up inspections.
- Engineering evaluation including report to define current equipment viability, flaw significance and appropriate flaw remediation.
Benefits of NDT and Evaluation Services
FSE is continually developing new technologies that improve NDT evaluation of FRP equipment. When visual and NDT inspection findings are evaluated by knowledgeable FRP engineers, confidence in the continued reliability of FRP piping systems is greatly enhanced.
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